Positions

Selected Publications

Academic Article

Year Title Altmetric
2022 DeBruyn and Casagrande manuscripts on tree shrew retinal ganglion cells as a basis for cross-species retina researchVisual Neuroscience.  39. 2022
2021 Amber light treatment produces hyperopia in tree shrewsOphthalmic and Physiological Optics.  41:1076-1086. 2021
2021 Tree shrews do not maintain emmetropia in initially-focused narrow-band cyan lightExperimental Eye Research.  206. 2021
2021 How chromatic cues can guide human eye growth to achieve good focusJournal of Vision.  21. 2021
2020 An opponent dual-detector spectral drive model of emmetropizationVision Research.  173:7-20. 2020
2019 Noninvasive imaging of the tree shrew eye: Wavefront analysis and retinal imaging with correlative histologyExperimental Eye Research.  185. 2019
2019 Matching the LenStar optical biometer to A-Scan ultrasonography for use in small animal eyes with application to tree shrewsExperimental Eye Research.  180:250-259. 2019
2019 Gene expression signatures in tree shrew sclera during recovery from minus-lens wear and during plus-lens wearMolecular Vision.  25:311-328. 2019
2018 Juvenile tree shrews do not maintain emmetropia in narrow-band blue lightOptometry and Vision Science.  95:911-920. 2018
2018 The hyperopic effect of narrow-band long-wavelength light in tree shrews increases non-linearly with durationVision Research.  146-147:9-17. 2018
2018 Altered gene expression in tree shrew retina and retinal pigment epithelium produced by short periods of minus-lens wearExperimental Eye Research.  168:77-88. 2018
2018 Axial elongation in myopic children and its association with myopia progression in the correction of myopia evaluation trial 2018
2017 Long-wavelength (red) light produces hyperopia in juvenile and adolescent tree shrewsVision Research.  140:55-65. 2017
2017 Optic nerve tilt, crescent, ovality, and torsion in a multi-ethnic cohort of young adults with and without myopia 2017
2017 The wavelength composition and temporal modulation of ambient lighting strongly affect refractive development in young tree shrewsExperimental Eye Research.  155:75-84. 2017
2017 Intravitreally-administered dopamine D2-like (and D4), but not D1-like, receptor agonists reduce form-deprivation myopia in tree shrewsVisual Neuroscience.  34. 2017
2016 A sloped piecemeal Gaussian model for characterising foveal pit shapeOphthalmic and Physiological Optics.  36:615-631. 2016
2016 What do animal studies tell us about the mechanism of Myopia - Protection by light?Optometry and Vision Science.  93:1049-1051. 2016
2016 Longitudinal Changes in Lens Thickness in Myopic Children Enrolled in the Correction of Myopia Evaluation Trial (COMET)Current Eye Research.  41:492-500. 2016
2016 The effect of intravitreal injection of vehicle solutions on form deprivation myopia in tree shrewsExperimental Eye Research.  145:289-296. 2016
2015 Choroidal thickness profiles in myopic eyes of young adults in the correction of myopia evaluation trial cohortAmerican Journal of Ophthalmology.  160:62-71.e2. 2015
2014 Scleral gene expression during recovery from myopia compared with expression during myopia development in tree shrewMolecular Vision.  20:1643-1659. 2014
2014 Gene expression signatures in tree shrew choroid during lens-induced myopia and recoveryExperimental Eye Research.  123:56-71. 2014
2014 Gene expression signatures in tree shrew choroid in response to three myopiagenic conditionsVision Research.  102:52-63. 2014
2014 Seasonal variations in the progression of myopia in children enrolled in the correction of myopia evaluation trial 2014
2013 Myopia - Yesterday, today, and tomorrowOptometry and Vision Science.  90:1161-1164. 2013
2013 Myopia stabilization and associated factors among participants in the correction of myopia evaluation trial (COMET) 2013
2013 Light levels, refractive development, and myopia - A speculative reviewExperimental Eye Research.  114:48-57. 2013
2013 Response to interrupted hyperopia after restraint of axial elongation in tree shrewsOptometry and Vision Science.  90:131-139. 2013
2013 Gene expression signatures in tree shrew sclera in response to three myopiagenic conditions 2013
2012 Visual guidance of recovery from lens-induced myopia in tree shrews (Tupaia glis belangeri)Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics.  32:89-99. 2012
2012 Alterations in protein expression in tree shrew sclera during development of lens-induced myopia and recovery 2012
2011 Patterns of mRNA and protein expression during minus-lens compensation and recovery in tree shrew scleraMolecular Vision.  17:903-919. 2011
2011 Perspective: How might emmetropization and genetic factors produce myopia in normal eyes?Optometry and Vision Science.  88. 2011
2010 Binocular lens treatment in tree shrews: Effect of age and comparison of plus lens wear with recovery from minus lens-induced myopiaExperimental Eye Research.  91:660-669. 2010
2010 The effect of age on compensation for a negative lens and recovery from lens-induced myopia in tree shrews (Tupaia glis belangeri)Vision Research.  50:564-576. 2010
2009 Myopia progression in children wearing spectacles vs. switching to contact lensesOptometry and Vision Science.  86:741-747. 2009
2009 Accommodative lag by autorefraction and two dynamic retinoscopy methodsOptometry and Vision Science.  86:233-243. 2009
2008 Layer 2/3 synapses in monocular and binocular regions of tree shrew visual cortex express mAChR-dependent long-term depression and long-term potentiationJournal of Neurophysiology.  100:336-345. 2008
2007 Differential protein expression in tree shrew sclera during development of lens-induced myopia and recoveryMolecular Vision.  13:1580-1588. 2007
2007 Factors associated with high myopia after 7 years of follow-up in the Correction of Myopia Evaluation Trial (COMET) cohortOphthalmic Epidemiology.  14:230-237. 2007
2007 Modulation of glycosaminoglycan levels in tree shrew sclera during lens-induced myopia development and recovery 2007
2007 Role of parental myopia in the progression of myopia and its interaction with treatment in COMET children 2007
2006 Darkness causes myopia in visually experienced tree shrews 2006
2006 Effectiveness of hyperopic defocus, minimal defocus, or myopic defocus in competition with a myopiagenic stimulus in tree shrew eyes 2006
2006 The sclera and myopiaExperimental Eye Research.  82:185-200. 2006
2005 Selective regulation of MMP and TIMP mRNA levels in tree shrew sclera during minus lens compensation and recovery 2005
2005 Relationship of age, sex, and ethnicity with myopia progression and axial elongation in the correction of myopia evaluation trialJAMA Ophthalmology.  123:977-987. 2005
2005 Myopia - Global problem, global researchOptometry and Vision Science.  82:223-225. 2005
2004 Accommodation and related risk factors associated with myopia progression and their interaction with treatment in COMET children 2004
2004 Not the Last Bifocal Trial!Optometry and Vision Science.  81:65-66. 2004
2003 Intensity- and focus-dependent modulation of activity (expression of immediate-early gene products) in retinal interneurons of the tree shrew, tupaia glis belangeri6oJournal of Vision.  3. 2003
2003 Refractive state of tree shrew eyes measured with cortical visual evoked potentialsOptometry and Vision Science.  80:623-631. 2003
2003 A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children 2003
2002 The relationship between self-esteem of myopic children and ocular and demographic characteristicsOptometry and Vision Science.  79:688-696. 2002
2002 The time course of changes in mRNA levels in tree shrew sclera during induced myopia and recovery 2002
2002 Baseline refractive and ocular component measures of children enrolled in the Correction of Myopia Evaluation Trial (COMET) 2002
2001 The Correction of Myopia Evaluation Trial (COMET): Design and general baseline characteristicsContemporary Clinical Trials.  22:573-592. 2001
2001 Steady state mRNA levels in tree shrew sclera with form-deprivation myopia and during recovery 2001
1999 Toward controlling myopia progression?Optometry and Vision Science.  76:341-342. 1999
1999 Effect of interrupted lens wear on compensation for a minus lens in tree shrewsOptometry and Vision Science.  76:308-315. 1999
1999 Animal models of myopia: Learning how vision controls the size of the eye 1999
1999 Regulation of the mechanical properties of tree shrew sclera by the visual environmentVision Research.  39:387-407. 1999
1999 The near response, emmetropia and myopiaOphthalmic and Physiological Optics.  19:79-80. 1999
1998 The susceptible period for deprivation-induced myopia in tree shrewVision Research.  38:3505-3515. 1998
1997 Effects of interrupted lens wear on the compensation for minus lenses in tree shrews 1997
1996 Changes in scleral creep rate during compensation for a minus power spectacle lens in tree shrew 1996
1996 Electronmicroscopic examination of tree shrew sclera during normal development, induced myopia, and recovery 1996
1996 Morphology of tree shrew sclera and choroid during normal development, induced myopia, and recovery 1996
1996 Characterization of two new preproGnRH mRNAs in the tree shrew: First direct evidence for mesencephalic GnRH gene expression in a placental mammalGeneral and Comparative Endocrinology.  104:7-19. 1996
1995 Animal models of emmetropization: matching axial length to the focal plane. 1995
1995 Laminar organization of receptive field properties in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the tree shrew (Tupaiaglis belangeri)Journal of Comparative Neurology.  358:401-413. 1995
1995 Reduced extracellular matrix in mammalian sclera with induced myopiaVision Research.  35:1271-1281. 1995
1994 Goggles for controlling the visual environment of small animals 1994
1994 A New Focus on MyopiaJournal of the American Medical Association.  271:1362-1363. 1994
1994 A new focus on myopia.Journal of the American Medical Association.  271:1362-1363. 1994
1994 Lid-suture myopia in tree shrews with retinal ganglion cell blockadeVisual Neuroscience.  11:143-153. 1994
1994 Prevention of collagen crosslinking increases form-deprivation myopia in tree shrewExperimental Eye Research.  59:475-486. 1994
1993 Center/surround relationships of magnocellular, parvocellular, and koniocellular relay cells in primate lateral geniculate nucleusVisual Neuroscience.  10:363-373. 1993
1993 Erratum: The development of experimental myopia and ocular component dimensions in monocularly lid-sutured tree shrews (Tupia belangeri) (Vision Research (1992) 32 (843-852))Vision Research.  33:2381. 1993
1993 Reduction in choroidal blood flow occurs in chicks wearing goggles that induce Eye growth toward myopiaCurrent Eye Research.  12:219-227. 1993
1992 Chapter 10 Inhibitory GABAergic control of visual signals at the lateral geniculate nucleusProgress in Brain Research.  90:193-217. 1992
1992 Normal development of refractive state and ocular component dimensions in the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri)Vision Research.  32:833-842. 1992
1992 The development of experimental myopia and ocular component dimensions in monocularly lid-sutured tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri)Vision Research.  32:843-852. 1992
1990 Experimental myopia in tree shrews.Ciba Foundation symposium.  155. 1990
1989 Effects of bicuculline on receptive field center sensitivity of relay cells in the lateral geniculate nucleusBrain Research.  488:348-352. 1989
1989 Effects of bicuculline on signal detectability in lateral geniculate nucleus relay cellsBrain Research.  488:341-347. 1989
1989 Refractive and structural measures of lid-suture myopia in tree shrew 1989
1988 Signal-to-noise comparisons for X and Y cells in the retina and lateral geniculate nucleus of the catExperimental Brain Research.  70:399-405. 1988
1988 Contrast-sensitivity functions of W-, X-, and Y-like relay cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus of bush baby, Galago crassicaudatusJournal of Neurophysiology.  59:1639-1656. 1988
1988 Histochemical localization of cytochrome oxidase activity in the visual system of the tree shrew: Normal patterns and the effect of retinal impulse blockageJournal of Comparative Neurology.  272:562-578. 1988
1988 Laminar organization and ultrastructure of GABA-immunoreactive neurons and processes in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri)Visual Neuroscience.  1:189-204. 1988
1987 Visual resolution and sensitivity in a nocturnal primate (galago) measured with visual evoked potentialsVision Research.  27:845-857. 1987
1986 W-like response properties of interlaminar zone cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus of a primate (Galago crassicaudatus)Brain Research.  362:254-270. 1986
1986 Laminar organization of ON and OFF regions and ocular dominance in the striate cortex of the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri)Journal of Comparative Neurology.  251:135-145. 1986
1985 ON and OFF regions in layer IV of striate cortexBrain Research.  327:319-323. 1985
1984 Effects of monocular deprivation on the lateral geniculate nucleus in a primate. 1984
1984 Effects of monocular deprivation on the lateral geniculate nucleus in a primate 1984
1982 Laminar organization of receptive-field properties in lateral geniculate nucleus of bush baby (Galago crassicaudatus)Journal of Neurophysiology.  47:715-741. 1982
1980 Topographic organization of the orientation column system in the striate cortex of the tree shrew (Tupaia glis). I. Microelectrode recordingJournal of Comparative Neurology.  192:531-547. 1980
1980 Topographic organization of the orientation column system in the striate cortex of the tree shrew (Tupaia glis). II. Deoxyglucose mappingJournal of Comparative Neurology.  192:549-566. 1980
1979 Laminar origin of projections from the superficial layers of the superior colliculus in the tree shrew, Tupaia glisBrain Research.  173:1-11. 1979
1979 Comparison of receptive-field properties of X and Y ganglion cells with X and Y lateral geniculate cells in the cat.Journal of Neurophysiology.  42:274-291. 1979
1979 X and Y relay cells in cat lateral geniculate nucleus: Quantitative analysis of receptive-field properties and classificationJournal of Neurophysiology.  42:244-273. 1979
1979 X and Y relay cells in cat lateral geniculate nucleus: quantitative analysis of receptive-field properties and classification.Journal of Neurophysiology.  42:244-273. 1979
1978 Deoxyglucose mapping of the orientation column system in the striate cortex of the tree shrew, Tupaia glisBrain Research.  142:538-545. 1978
1978 Laminar organization of receptive-field properties in tree shrew superior colliculusJournal of Neurophysiology.  41:1140-1164. 1978
1977 Organization of ocular dominance in tree shrew striate cortexBrain Research.  134:225-236. 1977
1977 Myopia in the lid-sutured tree shrew (Tupaia glis)Brain Research.  124:154-157. 1977
1977 Receptive-field properties of X-, Y- and intermediate cells in the cat lateral geniculate nucleusBrain Research.  121:151-156. 1977
1977 Loss of Y-cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus of monocularly deprived tree shrewsScience.  197:784-786. 1977
1975 X- and Y-cells in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the tree shrew (Tupaia glis)Brain Research.  93:152-157. 1975
1974 Receptive field properties of superior colliculus cells and development of visual behavior in kittensJournal of Neurophysiology.  37:674-690. 1974
1968 Visual evoked responses in cats with optic tract lesionsExperimental Neurology.  21:346-363. 1968
1967 Optic tract lesions destroying pattern vision in catsExperimental Neurology.  18:26-37. 1967
1967 Optic tract lesions sparing pattern vision in catsExperimental Neurology.  18:8-25. 1967

Chapter

Year Title Altmetric
2008 Myopia.  537-556. 2008
2007 Myopia.  537-556. 2007

Teaching Activities

  • OPVS111 - Basic Sc/Clinical Optometry (Fall Term 2012)
  • OPVS111 - Basic Sc/Clinical Optometry (Fall Term 2013)
  • OPVS111 - Basic Science/Clinical Opt I (Fall Term 2008)
  • OPVS111 - Basic Science/Clinical Opt I (Fall Term 2009)
  • OPVS111 - Basic Science/Clinical Opt I (Fall Term 2010)
  • OPVS111 - Basic Science/Clinical Opt I (Fall Term 2011)
  • OPVS121 - Basic Science/Clin Opt II (Fall Term 2008)
  • OPVS121 - Basic Science/Clin Opt II (Fall Term 2009)
  • OPVS121 - Basic Science/Clin Opt II (Fall Term 2010)
  • OPVS131 - Basic Science and Clin Opt III (Spring Term 2009)
  • OPVS131 - Basic Science and Clin Opt III (Spring Term 2010)
  • OPVS131 - Basic Science and Clin Opt III (Spring Term 2011)
  • OPVS141 - Basic Science and Clin Opt IV (Spring Term 2009)
  • OPVS141 - Basic Science and Clin Opt IV (Spring Term 2010)
  • VIS739 - Molecular Biology (Summer Term 2008)
  • VIS748 - Central Visual Mechanisms II (Spring Term 2008)
  • VIS748 - Central Visual Mechanisms II (Spring Term 2009)
  • VIS748 - Central Visual Mechanisms II (Spring Term 2010)
  • VIS748 - Central Visual Mechanisms II (Spring Term 2011)
  • VIS748 - Central Visual Mechanisms II (Spring Term 2012)
  • VIS748 - Central Visual Mechanisms II (Spring Term 2013)
  • VS123 - Psychophysical Assessment (Winter Term 2008)
  • VS123L - Psychophysical Assessment Lab (Winter Term 2008)
  • VS123L - Psychophysical Assessment Lab (Winter Term 2008)
  • VS132 - Visual Psychophysics (Spring Term 2009)
  • VS132 - Visual Psychophysics (Spring Term 2010)
  • VS132 - Visual Psychophysics (Spring Term 2011)
  • VS132L - Visual Psychophysics Lab (Spring Term 2009)
  • VS132L - Visual Psychophysics Lab (Spring Term 2009)
  • VS132L - Visual Psychophysics Lab (Spring Term 2010)
  • VS132L - Visual Psychophysics Lab (Spring Term 2010)
  • VS132L - Visual Psychophysics Lab (Spring Term 2010)
  • VS132L - Visual Psychophysics Lab (Spring Term 2010)
  • VS132L - Visual Psychophysics Lab (Spring Term 2011)
  • VS132L - Visual Psychophysics Lab (Spring Term 2011)
  • Education And Training

  • University of Pennsylvania Anatomy, Postdoctoral Fellowship
  • Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology, University of California System : Los Angeles 1970
  • Full Name

  • Thomas Norton