In this short overview, we have outlined how ROS/RNS are formed as well as how they function in (patho)physiology. Although much is already known about the production and function of these reactive species, many aspects of how ROS and RNS are formed by and interact with the mitochondrion are still unclear, particularly in vivo. A greater understanding of how these species are formed, and how they affect mitochondrial and cellular function, is important for the development of mitochondrial therapeutics.
