We have previously reported that compromised interleukin 17A (IL-17A) production in the lungs increased susceptibility to infection with the invasive fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. Here we have shown that culturing lung cells from A. fumigatus-challenged mice ex vivo demonstrated Dectin-1-dependent IL-17A production. In this system, neutralization of IL-23 but not IL-6, IL-1β, or IL-18 resulted in attenuated IL-17A production. Il23 mRNA expression was found to be lower in lung cells from A. fumigatus-challenged Dectin- 1-deficient mice, whereas bone marrow-derived dendritic cells from Dectin-1-deficient mice failed to produce IL-23 in response to A. fumigatus in vitro. Addition of recombinant IL-23 augmented IL-17A production by wild-type (WT) and Dectin-1-deficient lung cells, although the addition of IL-6 or IL-1β did not augment the effect of IL-23. Intracellular cytokine staining of lung cells revealed lower levels of CD11b+ IL-17A+ and Ly-6G+ IL-17A+ cells in A. fumigatus-challenged Dectin-1-deficient mice. Ly-6G+ neutrophils purified from the lungs of A. fumigatus-challenged Dectin-1-deficient mice displayed lower Il17a mRNA expression but surprisingly had intact Rorc and Rora mRNA expression. We further demonstrated that Ly-6G+ neutrophils required the presence of myeloid cells for IL-17A production. Finally, upon in vitro stimulation with A. fumigatus, thioglycolate-elicited peritoneal neutrophils were positive for intracellular IL-17A expression and produced IL-17A in a Dectin-1- and IL-23-dependent manner. In summary, Dectin-1-dependent IL-17A production in the lungs during invasive fungal infection is mediated in part by CD11b+ Ly-6G+ neutrophils in an IL-23- dependent manner. © 2011, American Society for Microbiology.
