Doppler echocardiography provides a rapid noninvasive assessment of dual-chamber pacemaker physiology. The technique provides important information regarding the contribution of atrial transport to total cardiac output as well as a useful means of determining the optimal AV delay of the pulse generator. This applies both acutely and during long-term follow-up. With the evolution of more physiological devices that are rate responsive, Doppler echocardiography will be even more valuable.
