The formation and storage of memories in the brain require coordinated and long-lasting changes in memory-related neural circuitry, including induction of transcriptional and epigenetic programs within specific populations of cells. Emerging evidence has revealed that DNA modifications are an essential aspect of memory formation and storage in the adult nervous system. This chapter highlights the important role played by DNA methylation in the context of learning and memory and considers its relationship with long-term neuronal plasticity and behavioral memory.
