Positions

Overview

  • Our laboratory concentrates on understanding the immune correlates of protection against HIV disease progression with a focus on cell medicated immune responses (CD4 and CD8 T cells). We are utilizing a variety of techniques in our laboratory to evaluate the quality of HIV-specific T cell responses observed in patients who represent the entire spectra of HIV disease. These assays include an in vitro HIV killing and an in vitro HIV viral suppression assay. These assays measure the actual clearance of virus, which has not been the focus of many CD8 T cell assays in the past. Our plan is to use these assays to measure differences in viral clearance among those chronically infected patients with varying degrees of immune control. We would also like to compare these types of responses in acutely infected patients to see how they change over the course of infection. The ultimate goal of this work is to use our findings to aid the development of an effective HIV vaccine to prevent infection and disease progression by more fully understanding correlates of immune control by T cells. He is also the director for the Alabama Vaccine Research Clinic, which conducts clinical trials of candidate vaccines. His main focus is the phase 1 and 2 testing of vaccines designed to prevent HIV infection or disease progression. These studies are preformed in conjunction with the HIV Vaccine Trials Unit.
  • Selected Publications

    Academic Article

    Year Title Altmetric
    2023 Trivalent mosaic or consensus HIV immunogens prime humoral and broader cellular immune responses in adultsJournal of Clinical Investigation.  133. 2023
    2023 Rapid Development of an Integrated Network Infrastructure to Conduct Phase 3 COVID-19 Vaccine TrialsJAMA Network Open.  6:e2251974. 2023
    2022 Skewed fate and hematopoiesis of CD34+ HSPCs in umbilical cord blood amid the COVID-19 pandemiciScience.  25. 2022
    2022 Immune correlates analysis of the ENSEMBLE single Ad26.COV2.S dose vaccine efficacy clinical trialNature Microbiology.  7:1996-2010. 2022
    2022 Baseline host determinants of robust human HIV-1 vaccine-induced immune responses: A meta-analysis of 26 vaccine regimensEBioMedicine.  84. 2022
    2022 Impact of Preexisting Anti-Adenovirus 26 Humoral Immunity on Immunogenicity of the Ad26.COV2.S Coronavirus Disease 2019 VaccineJournal of Infectious Diseases.  226:979-982. 2022
    2022 Baricitinib versus dexamethasone for adults hospitalised with COVID-19 (ACTT-4): a randomised, double-blind, double placebo-controlled trial 2022
    2022 HLA-II-Associated HIV-1 Adaptation Decreases CD4+ T-Cell Responses in HIV-1 Vaccine RecipientsJournal of Virology.  96. 2022
    2022 COVID-19 Vaccination and Remdesivir are Associated With Protection From New or Increased Levels of Donor-Specific Antibodies Among Kidney Transplant Recipients Hospitalized With COVID-19Transplant International.  35. 2022
    2022 Potent universal beta-coronavirus therapeutic activity mediated by direct respiratory administration of a Spike S2 domain-specific human neutralizing monoclonal antibodyPLoS Pathogens.  18. 2022
    2022 Safety and immunogenicity of monovalent H7N9 influenza vaccine with AS03 adjuvant given sequentially or simultaneously with a seasonal influenza vaccine: A randomized clinical trialVaccine.  40:3253-3262. 2022
    2022 Final Analysis of Efficacy and Safety of Single-Dose Ad26.COV2.SNew England Journal of Medicine.  386:847-860. 2022
    2022 Comprehensive mapping of SARS-CoV-2 peptide epitopes for development of a highly sensitive serological test for total and neutralizing antibodies 2022
    2022 Whole-blood cytokine secretion assay as a high-throughput alternative for assessing the cell-mediated immunity profile after two doses of an adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 recombinant protein vaccine candidate 2022
    2021 Efficacy of interferon beta-1a plus remdesivir compared with remdesivir alone in hospitalised adults with COVID-19: a double-bind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial 2021
    2021 Meta-analysis of HIV-1 vaccine elicited mucosal antibodies in humansnpj Vaccines.  6. 2021
    2021 Cross-Reactivity to Mutated Viral Immune Targets Can Influence CD8+ T Cell Functionality: An Alternative Viral Adaptation StrategyFrontiers in Immunology.  12. 2021
    2021 Predictors of Nonseroconversion after SARS-CoV-2 Infection 2021
    2021 Safety and immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 recombinant protein vaccine formulations in healthy adults: interim results of a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 1–2, dose-ranging studyLancet Infectious Diseases.  21:1257-1270. 2021
    2021 HLA-E–restricted HIV-1–specific CD8+ T cell responses in natural infectionJournal of Clinical Investigation.  131. 2021
    2021 Duration of post-COVID-19 symptoms is associated with sustained SARS-CoV-2-specific immune responsesJCI Insight.  6. 2021
    2021 Elevated HIV infection of CD4 T cells in MRKAd5 vaccine recipients due to CD8 T cells targeting adapted epitopesJournal of Virology.  95. 2021
    2021 AIDSVAX protein boost improves breadth and magnitude of vaccine-induced HIV-1 envelope-specific responses after a 7-year rest periodVaccine.  39:4641-4650. 2021
    2021 SARS-CoV-2-specific circulating T follicular helper cells correlate with neutralizing antibodies and increase during early convalescencePLoS Pathogens.  17. 2021
    2021 Safety and efficacy of single-dose Ad26.CoV2.s vaccine against covid-19New England Journal of Medicine.  384:2187-2201. 2021
    2021 Therapeutic activity of an inhaled potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing human monoclonal antibody in hamstersCell Reports Medicine.  2. 2021
    2021 Convalescent plasma-mediated resolution of COVID-19 in a patient with humoral immunodeficiencyCell Reports Medicine.  2. 2021
    2021 Sustained cellular immune dysregulation in individuals recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infectionJournal of Clinical Investigation.  131. 2021
    2020 Annals on call - A primer on COVID-19 vaccinesACP journal club.  173. 2020
    2020 Impact of vaccine type on HIV-1 vaccine elicited antibody durability and B cell gene signatureScientific Reports.  10. 2020
    2020 Remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19 — Final reportNew England Journal of Medicine.  383:1813-1826. 2020
    2020 SARS-CoV-2-specific peripheral T follicular helper cells correlate with neutralizing antibodies and increase during convalescence. 2020
    2020 Safety and immunogenicity of two heterologous HIV vaccine regimens in healthy, HIV-uninfected adults (TRAVERSE): a randomised, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase 1/2a studyLancet HIV.  7:e688-e698. 2020
    2020 Mechanistic inferences from clinical reports of SARS-CoV-2Infectious Diseases.  52:527-537. 2020
    2020 Better viral control despite higher CD4+ T cell activation during acute HIV-1 infection in Zambian women is linked to the sex hormone estradiolJournal of Virology.  94. 2020
    2020 Characterization of Type-I IFN subtype autoantibodies and activity in SLE serum and urineLupus.  29:1095-1105. 2020
    2020 Reply to Jakovac and to Rocha et al.: Can vitamin D prevent or manage COVID-19 illness? 2020
    2020 TOX is expressed by exhausted and polyfunctional human effector memory CD8+ T cellsScience Immunology.  5. 2020
    2020 Peripheral CD4 T follicular cells induced by a conjugated pneumococcal vaccine correlate with enhanced opsonophagocytic antibody responses in younger individualsVaccine.  38:1778-1786. 2020
    2020 Cross-reactive CD8 T-cell responses elicited by adenovirus type 5-based HIV-1 vaccines contributed to early viral evolution in vaccine recipients who became infectedJournal of Virology.  94. 2020
    2019 Antigenic competition in CD4+ T cell responses in a randomized, multicenter, double-blind clinical HIV vaccine trialScience Translational Medicine.  11. 2019
    2019 HLA-I Associated Adaptation Dampens CD8 T-Cell Responses in HIV Ad5-Vectored Vaccine RecipientsJournal of Infectious Diseases.  220:1620-1628. 2019
    2019 CD8 T cells targeting adapted epitopes in chronic HIV infection promote dendritic cell maturation and CD4 T cell trans-infectionPLoS Pathogens.  15. 2019
    2018 Antisense-derived HIV-1 cryptic epitopes are not major drivers of viral evolution during the acute phase of infectionJournal of Virology.  92. 2018
    2018 Short Communication: Apoptotic Membrane Microparticles Quantified by Fluorescent Bead-Based Assay Are Elevated in HIV and SIV InfectionsAIDS Research and Human Retroviruses.  34:446-448. 2018
    2018 Immunogenetic factors in early immune control of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection: Evaluation of HLA class I amino acid variants in two African populationsHuman Immunology.  79:166-171. 2018
    2018 Progressive lentivirus infection induces natural killer cell receptor-expressing B cells in the gastrointestinal tractAIDS.  32:1571-1578. 2018
    2018 Understanding the CD8 T-cell response in natural HIV control [version 1; referees: 3 approved]F1000Research.  7. 2018
    2017 CD151 expression is associated with a hyperproliferative T cell phenotypeJournal of Immunology.  199:3336-3347. 2017
    2017 CD4 + T cells from HIV-1 patients with impaired Th1 effector responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis exhibit diminished histone and nucleoprotein signaturesClinical Immunology.  181:16-23. 2017
    2017 Immunogenicity of a novel Clade B HIV-1 vaccine combination: Results of phase 1 randomized placebo controlled trial of an HIV-1 GM-CSF-expressing DNA prime with a modified vaccinia Ankara vaccine boost in healthy HIV-1 uninfected adultsPLoS One.  12. 2017
    2017 Dysregulation of Systemic and Mucosal Humoral Responses to Microbial and Food Antigens as a Factor Contributing to Microbial Translocation and Chronic Inflammation in HIV-1 InfectionPLoS Pathogens.  13. 2017
    2016 Balance between transmitted HLA preadapted and nonassociated polymorphisms is a major determinant of HIV-1 disease progressionJournal of Experimental Medicine.  213:2049-2063. 2016
    2016 Impact of pre-Adapted HIV transmissionNature Medicine.  22:606-613. 2016
    2016 HIV-1-specific CD8 T cells exhibit limited cross-reactivity during acute infectionJournal of Immunology.  196:3276-3286. 2016
    2016 Enhanced allogeneic cellular responses to mismatched HLA-B antigens results in more efficient killing of HIV infected cells 2016
    2016 Vaccination with heterologous HIV-1 envelope sequences and heterologous adenovirus vectors increases T-cell responses to conserved regions: HVTN 083Journal of Infectious Diseases.  213:541-550. 2016
    2016 HIV-1 latency and virus production from unintegrated genomes following direct infection of resting CD4 T cellsRetrovirology.  13. 2016
    2016 Diminished cd103 (αeβ7) expression on resident t cells from the female genital tract of hiv-positive womenPathogens and Immunity.  1:371-389. 2016
    2016 Dynamics and correlates of CD8 T-cell counts in Africans with primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infectionJournal of Virology.  90:10423-10430. 2016
    2016 Use of dried blood spots to elucidate full-length transmitted/founder hiv-1 genomesPathogens and Immunity.  1:129-153. 2016
    2015 Normal T-cell activation in elite controllers with preserved CD4 + T-cell countsAIDS.  29:2245-2254. 2015
    2015 Enhanced recognition of HIV-1 cryptic epitopes restricted by HLA Class I alleles associated with a favorable clinical outcome 2015
    2015 HLA Class-II Associated HIV Polymorphisms Predict Escape from CD4+ T Cell ResponsesPLoS Pathogens.  11. 2015
    2015 Safety and Immunogenicity of a Recombinant Adenovirus Serotype 35-Vectored HIV-1 Vaccine in Adenovirus Serotype 5 Seronegative and Seropositive Individuals.Journal of AIDS and Clinical Research.  6. 2015
    2015 Safety and immunogenicity of modified vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic smallpox vaccine in vaccinia-naive and experienced human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals: An open-label, controlled clinical phase II trialOpen Forum Infectious Diseases.  2. 2015
    2015 Replicative fitness of transmitted HIV-1 drives acute immune activation, proviral load in memory CD4+ T cells, and disease progression 2015
    2015 Identification, molecular cloning, and analysis of full-length hepatitis C virus transmitted/founder genotypes 1, 3, and 4mBio.  6. 2015
    2015 The HIV-1 Antisense Protein (ASP) induces CD8 T cell responses during chronic infectionRetrovirology.  12. 2015
    2015 Stable phenotypic changes of the host T cells are essential to the long-term stability of latent HIV-1 infectionJournal of Virology.  89:6656-6672. 2015
    2015 Transmitted Virus Fitness and Host T Cell Responses Collectively Define Divergent Infection Outcomes in Two HIV-1 RecipientsPLoS Pathogens.  11:1-21. 2015
    2014 Human Immunodeficiency Virus VaccinesInfectious Disease Clinics of North America.  28:615-631. 2014
    2014 Short communication: Plasmacytoid dendritic cells from HIV-1 elite controllers maintain a gut-homing phenotype associated with immune activationAIDS Research and Human Retroviruses.  30:1213-1215. 2014
    2014 Phase i/ii randomized trial of safety and immunogenicity of LIPO-5 alone, ALVAC-HIV (vCP1452) alone, and ALVAC-HIV (vCP1452) prime/LIPO-5 boost in healthy, HIV-1-Uninfected adult participantsClinical and Vaccine Immunology.  21:1589-1599. 2014
    2014 Characterization of programmed death-1 homologue-1 (PD-1H) expression and function in normal and HIV infected individualsPLoS One.  9. 2014
    2014 Specificity and 6-month durability of immune responses induced by DNA and recombinant modified vaccinia ankara vaccines expressing HIV-1 virus-like particlesJournal of Infectious Diseases.  210:99-110. 2014
    2014 KIR2DS4 promotes HIV-1 pathogenesis: New evidence from analyses of immunogenetic data and natural killer cell functionPLoS One.  9. 2014
    2014 Characterization of T-Cell responses to cryptic epitopes in recipients of a noncodon-optimized HIV-1 Vaccine 2014
    2014 Effects of atorvastatin and pravastatin on immune activation and T-cell function in antiretroviral therapy-suppressed HIV-1-infected patientsAIDS.  28:2627-2631. 2014
    2014 Immune Suppression by Neutrophils in HIV-1 Infection: Role of PD-L1/PD-1 PathwayPLoS Pathogens.  10. 2014
    2014 Immune activation is associated with CD8 T cell interleukin-21 production in HIV-1-infected individualsJournal of Virology.  88:10259-10263. 2014
    2014 Intranasal seasonal influenza vaccine and a TLR-3 agonist, rintatolimod, induced cross-reactive IgA antibody formation against avian H5N1 and H7N9 influenza HA in humansVaccine.  32:5490-5495. 2014
    2014 Selection bias at the heterosexual HIV-1 transmission bottleneckScience.  345. 2014
    2013 Dimorphic HLA-B signal peptides differentially influence HLA-E- and natural killer cell-mediated cytolysis of HIV-1-infected target cellsClinical and Experimental Immunology.  174:414-423. 2013
    2013 HIV-specific CD8+ T cells from elite controllers are primed for survivalJournal of Virology.  87:5170-5181. 2013
    2013 Hormonal contraception and hiv-1 infection: Medroxyprogesterone acetate suppresses innate and adaptive immune mechanisms 2013
    2013 Viral Escape from Neutralizing Antibodies in Early Subtype A HIV-1 Infection Drives an Increase in Autologous Neutralization BreadthPLoS Pathogens.  9. 2013
    2013 Cumulative impact of host and viral factors on HIV-1 viral-load control during early infectionJournal of Virology.  87:708-715. 2013
    2012 Comparative evaluation of HIV-1 neutralization in external secretions and sera of HIV-1-infected womenOpen AIDS Journal.  6:293-302. 2012
    2012 Role of Transmitted Gag CTL Polymorphisms in Defining Replicative Capacity and Early HIV-1 PathogenesisPLoS Pathogens.  8. 2012
    2012 Host factor transcriptional regulation contributes to preferential expression of HIV type 1 in IL-4-producing CD4 T cellsJournal of Immunology.  189:2746-2757. 2012
    2012 MRKAD5 HIV-1 Gag/Pol/Nef vaccine-induced T-cell responses inadequately predict distance of breakthrough HIV-1 sequences to the vaccine or viral loadPLoS One.  7. 2012
    2012 Elucidation of Hepatitis C Virus Transmission and Early Diversification by Single Genome SequencingPLoS Pathogens.  8. 2012
    2012 Corrigendum to "Modeling sequence evolution in acute HIV-1 infection" [J. Theor. Biol. 261 (2009) 341-360]Journal of Theoretical Biology.  297:187. 2012
    2012 Fine-mapping classical HLA variation associated with durable host control of HIV-1 infection in african americansHuman Molecular Genetics.  21:4334-4347. 2012
    2011 Menstrual blood as a potential source of endometrial derived CD3+ T cellsPLoS One.  6. 2011
    2011 Initial antibodies binding to HIV-1 gp41 in acutely infected subjects are polyreactive and highly mutatedJournal of Experimental Medicine.  208:2237-2249. 2011
    2011 Interleukin-2 production by polyfunctional HIV-1-specific CD8 T cells is associated with enhanced viral suppression 2011
    2011 Safety and immunogenicity of an HIV adenoviral vector boost after DNA plasmid vaccine prime by route of administration: A randomized clinical trialPLoS One.  6. 2011
    2011 Recurrent signature patterns in hiv-1 b clade envelope glycoproteins associated with either early or chronic infectionsPLoS Pathogens.  7. 2011
    2011 A phase iia randomized clinical trial of a multiclade HIV-1 DNA prime followed by a multiclade RAD5 HIV-1 vaccine boost in healthy adults (HVTN204)PLoS One.  6. 2011
    2011 Glycoprotein B vaccine is capable of boosting both antibody and CD4 T-cell responses to cytomegalovirus in chronically infected womenJournal of Infectious Diseases.  203:1534-1541. 2011
    2011 CD8 T-cell proliferative capacity is compromised in primary HIV-1 infection 2011
    2011 Interleukin-21-producing HIV-1-specific CD8 T cells are preferentially seen in elite controllersJournal of Virology.  85:2316-2324. 2011
    2011 Phase 1 safety and immunogenicity testing of DNA and recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara vaccines expressing HIV-1 virus-like particlesJournal of Infectious Diseases.  203:610-619. 2011
    2011 A phase I trial of preventive HIV vaccination with heterologous poxviral-vectors containing matching HIV-1 inserts in healthy HIV-uninfected subjectsVaccine.  29:1948-1958. 2011
    2010 The major genetic determinants of HIV-1 control affect HLA class I peptide presentationScience.  330:1551-1557. 2010
    2010 Profiles of human serum antibody responses elicited by three leading hiv vaccines focusing on the induction of env-specific antibodiesPLoS One.  5. 2010
    2010 Enhanced Induction of HIV-specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes by Dendritic Cell-targeted Delivery of SOCS-1 siRNA.Molecular Therapy.  18:2028-2037. 2010
    2010 Enhanced induction of HIV-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes by dendritic cell-targeted delivery of SOCS-1 siRNAMolecular Therapy.  18:2028-2037. 2010
    2010 Epitopes for broad and potent neutralizing antibody responses during chronic infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1Virology.  396:339-348. 2010
    2010 CD8 T cell response and evolutionary pressure to HIV-1 cryptic epitopes derived from antisense transcriptionJournal of Experimental Medicine.  207:51-59. 2010
    2010 Perforin expression directly ex vivo by HIV-specific CD8+ T-cells is a correlate of HIV elite controlPLoS Pathogens.  6:1-13. 2010
    2009 Modeling sequence evolution in acute HIV-1 infectionJournal of Theoretical Biology.  261:341-360. 2009
    2009 OA06-03. Dynamics of CTL epitope escape and reversion in an African subtype C cohortRetrovirology.  6. 2009
    2009 P16-04. Cryptic CTL epitopes derived from antisense transcription are frequently recognized in HIV-1 infectionRetrovirology.  6. 2009
    2009 P19-58 LB. Comparison of the immunogenicity in humans and rhesus macaques of vaccines consisting of DNA priming and MVA boosting and MVA priming and boostingRetrovirology.  6. 2009
    2009 S021-04 OA. A large-scale analysis of immunoglobulin sequences derived from plasmablasts/plasma cells in acute HIV-1 infection subjectsRetrovirology.  6. 2009
    2009 S03-06 OA. Rapid perforin upregulation by CD8 T cells in elite controllers as a correlate of immune-mediated control of HIV replicationRetrovirology.  6. 2009
    2009 Polyclonal B cell differentiation and loss of gastrointestinal tract germinal centers in the earliest stages of HIV-1 infectionPLoS Medicine.  6. 2009
    2009 Evolution of HLA-B 5703 hiv-1 escape mutations in HLA-B 5703-positive individuals and their transmission recipientsJournal of Experimental Medicine.  206:909-921. 2009
    2009 Safety and immunogenicity of adenovirus-vectored near-consensus HIV type 1 clade B gag vaccines in healthy adults.AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses.  25:103-114. 2009
    2008 Molecular ecology and natural history of Simian foamy virus infection in wild-living chimpanzeesPLoS Pathogens.  4. 2008
    2008 Multifunctional T-cell characteristics induced by a polyvalent DNA prime/protein boost human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vaccine regimen given to healthy adults are dependent on the route and dose of administrationJournal of Virology.  82:6458-6469. 2008
    2008 Identification and characterization of transmitted and early founder virus envelopes in primary HIV-1 infection 2008
    2008 Transmission of HIV-1 Gag immune escape mutations is associated with reduced viral load in linked recipientsJournal of Experimental Medicine.  205:1009-1017. 2008
    2008 Treatment response in acute/early infection versus advanced AIDS: Equivalent first and second phases of HIV RNA declineAIDS.  22:957-962. 2008
    2008 Compensatory mutation partially restores fitness and delays reversion of escape mutation within the immunodominant HLA-B*5703-restricted gag epitope in chronic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection (Journal of Virology (2007) 81, 15, (8346-8351))Journal of Virology.  82:3161. 2008
    2007 Immunological control of chronic HIV-1 infection: HLA-mediated immune function and viral evolution in adolescentsAIDS.  21:2387-2397. 2007
    2007 Escape and compensation from early HLA-B57-mediated cytotoxic T-lymphocyte pressure on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag alter capsid interactions with cyclophilin AJournal of Virology.  81:12608-12618. 2007
    2007 Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 controllers but not noncontrollers maintain CD4 T cells coexpressing three cytokinesJournal of Virology.  81:12071-12076. 2007
    2007 Compensatory mutation partially restores fitness and delays reversion of escape mutation within the immunodominant HLA-B*5703-restricted gag epitope in chronic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infectionJournal of Virology.  81:8346-8351. 2007
    2007 Mutually exclusive T-cell receptor induction and differential susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mutational escape associated with a two-amino-acid difference between HLA class I subtypesJournal of Virology.  81:1619-1631. 2007
    2007 Durable HIV-1 antibody and T-cell responses elicited by an adjuvanted multi-protein recombinant vaccine in uninfected human volunteersVaccine.  25:510-518. 2007
    2007 Evaluation of cellular immune responses in subjects chronically infected with HIV type 1AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses.  23:67-76. 2007
    2007 Functionally competent antigen-specific Cd127hi memory CD8 + T cells are preserved only in HIV-infected individuals receiving early treatmentJournal of Infectious Diseases.  195:108-117. 2007
    2006 Preterm delivery and asthma: A systematic review and meta-analysisJournal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.  118:823-830. 2006
    2006 Interleukin-2 reconstitutes defective human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) specific CD8+ T cell proliferation in HIV infectionJournal of Medical Virology.  78:1147-1157. 2006
    2006 Quantum dot semiconductor nanocrystals for immunophenotyping by polychromatic flow cytometryNature Medicine.  12:972-977. 2006
    2006 HIV nonprogressors preferentially maintain highly functional HIV-specific CD8+ T cellsBlood.  107:4781-4789. 2006
    2006 HIV-1 epitope-specific CD8+ T cell responses strongly associated with delayed disease progression cross-recognize epitope variants efficientlyJournal of Immunology.  176:6130-6146. 2006
    2006 Group M-based HIV-1 Gag peptides are frequently targeted by T cells in chronically infected US and Zambian patientsAIDS.  20:353-360. 2006
    2005 High-dose recombinant canarypox vaccine expressing HIV-1 protein, in seronegative human subjectsJournal of Infectious Diseases.  192:1249-1259. 2005
    2005 Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 env clones from acute and early subtype B infections for standardized assessments of vaccine-elicited neutralizing antibodiesJournal of Virology.  79:10108-10125. 2005
    2005 Cutting edge: Emergence of CD127high functionally competent memory T cells is compromised by high viral loads and inadequate T cell helpJournal of Immunology.  174:5926-5930. 2005
    2005 Characterization of functional and phenotypic changes in anti-Gag vaccine-induced T cell responses and their role in protection after HIV-1 infection 2005
    2005 Increased levels of galactose-deficient IgG in sera of HIV-1-infected individualsAIDS.  19:381-389. 2005
    2005 Breast milk-derived antigen-specific CD8+ T cells: An extralymphoid effector memory cell population in humansJournal of Immunology.  174:2951-2956. 2005
    2005 CD8 T-cell responses in early HIV-1 infection are skewed towards high entropy peptidesAIDS.  19:241-250. 2005
    2004 Paucity of antigen-specific IgA responses in sera and external secretions of HIV-type 1-infected individualsAIDS Research and Human Retroviruses.  20:972-988. 2004
    2004 Absence of immunodominant anti-gag p17 (SL9) responses among gag CTL-positive, HIV-uninfected vaccine recipients expressing the HLA-A*0201 alleleJournal of Immunology.  173:2126-2133. 2004
    2004 Comparison of systemic and mucosal delivery of 2 canarypox virus vaccines expressing either HIV-1 genes or the gene for rabies virus G proteinJournal of Infectious Diseases.  189:1221-1231. 2004
    2003 T Cell Responses in HIV Type 1-Infected Adolescent Minorities Share Similar Epitope Specificities with Whites Despite Significant Differences in HLA Class I AllelesAIDS Research and Human Retroviruses.  19:1017-1026. 2003
    2003 Cross-reactive CD8+ T cell epitopes identified in US adolescent minorities 2003
    2003 Antigen burden is a major determinant of human immunodeficiency virus-specific CD8+ T cell maturation state: Potential implications for therapeutic immunizationJournal of Infectious Diseases.  187:364-374. 2003
    2003 Foamy virus envelope glycoprotein is sufficient for particle budding and releaseJournal of Virology.  77:2338-2348. 2003
    2003 Making sense of the HIV immune response.Topics in antiviral medicine.  11:4-8. 2003
    2003 The foamy virus envelope glycoproteinsCurrent Topics in Microbiology and Immunology.  277:111-129. 2003
    2002 Detection of mucosal antibodies in HIV type 1-infected individualsAIDS Research and Human Retroviruses.  18:1291-1300. 2002
    2002 Human immunodeficiency virus-specific CD8+ T cells in human breast milkJournal of Virology.  76:7365-7373. 2002
    2002 Safety and immunogenicity of a high-titered canarypox vaccine in combination with rgp120 in a diverse population of HIV-1-uninfected adults: AIDS vaccine evaluation group protocol 022A 2002
    2002 Magnitude of functional CD8+ T-cell responses to the Gag protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 correlates inversely with viral load in plasmaJournal of Virology.  76:2298-2305. 2002
    2001 CD8 CTL responses in vaccines: Emerging patterns of HLA restriction and epitope recognitionImmunology Letters.  79:37-45. 2001
    2001 Polymorphisms in HLA class I genes associated with both favorable prognosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 infection and positive cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses to ALVAC-HIV recombinant canarypox vaccinesJournal of Virology.  75:8681-8689. 2001
    2001 QS-21 promotes an adjuvant effect allowing for reduced antigen dose during HIV-1 envelope subunit immmunization in humansVaccine.  19:2080-2091. 2001
    2001 Prognosis and risk evaluation in postoperative coronary patients: The PERISCOP study: Methodology and characteristics of the included populationArchives of Cardiovascular Diseases.  94:9-15. 2001
    2001 Cellular and humoral immune responses to a canarypox vaccine containing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 env, gag, and pro in combination with RGP120Journal of Infectious Diseases.  183:563-570. 2001
    2000 Recurrence of the acute HIV syndrome after interruption of antiretroviral therapy in a patient with chronic HIV infection: A case reportACP journal club.  133. 2000
    2000 Cytokine profiles in seronegative volunteers immunized with a recombinant canarypox and gp120 prime-boost HIV-1 vaccineAIDS.  14:1365-1374. 2000
    2000 Characterization of the R572T point mutant of a putative cleavage site in human foamy virus envJournal of Virology.  74:2949-2954. 2000
    2000 A significant number of human immunodeficiency virus epitope-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes detected by tetramer binding do not produce gamma interferonJournal of Virology.  74:10249-10255. 2000
    1999 MN and IIIB recombinant glycoprotein 120 vaccine-induced binding antibodies to native envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 primary isolatesAIDS Research and Human Retroviruses.  15:921-930. 1999
    1999 HIV- 1(MN) recombinant glycoprotein 160 vaccine-induced cellular and humoral immunity boosted by HIV-1(MN) recombinant glycoprotein 120 vaccineAIDS Research and Human Retroviruses.  15:115-132. 1999
    1999 An endoplasmic reticulum retrieval signal partitions human foamy virus maturation to intracytoplasmic membranesJournal of Virology.  73:7210-7217. 1999
    1997 A sorting motif localizes the foamy virus glycoprotein to the endoplasmic reticulumJournal of Virology.  71:778-784. 1997
    1996 Analysis of West African hunters for foamy virus infectionsAIDS Research and Human Retroviruses.  12:1725-1730. 1996
    1995 Identification of an ER retrieval signal in a retroviral glycoproteinCell.  82:543-544. 1995
    1995 An outbreak of Burkholderia (formerly Pseudomonas) cepacia respiratory tract colonization and infection associated with nebulized albuterol therapyACP journal club.  122:762-766. 1995

    Chapter

    Year Title Altmetric
    2014 Human immunodeficiency viruses types 1 and 2.  1001-1062. 2014
    2002 Some Basic Cellular Immunology Principles applied to the Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases 2002

    Principal Investigator On

  • A Multicenter, Adaptive, Randomized Blinded Controlled Trial of the Safety and Efficacy of Investigational Therapeutics for the Treatment of COVID-19 in Hospitalized Adults  awarded by Emory University
  • A Proof of Concept, Randomized, Controlled Study of Tuberculosis Immunization with BCG to Prevent Infection in Healthy Adults  awarded by Jackson (Henry M.) Foundation
  • A Proof of Concept, Randomized, Controlled Study of Tuberculosis Immunization with BCG to Prevent Infection in Healthy Adults  awarded by Jackson (Henry M.) Foundation
  • A Rational Approach for HIV Vaccine T Cell Epitope Selection  awarded by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/NIH/DHHS
  • A-Z Clinical Trials Unit  awarded by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/NIH/DHHS
  • Analysis of Variant Epitope Specific CD8 T-Cells to Optimize HIV Vaccine Design  awarded by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/NIH/DHHS
  • Anthrax Human Clinical Trials Study Record Management  awarded by CDC - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/DHHS
  • CHAVI - Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology - CHAVI 012: Core B Mucosal and Immune Responses and Viral Reservoirs in Tissues and Cells During Acute HIV Infections  awarded by Duke University
  • COVID-19 Prevention Network (CoVPN) Site Preparation Funding - Birmingham Clinical Research Site  awarded by Hutchinson (Fred) Cancer Research Center
  • CTL and HIV Polymorphisms in Heterosexual Transmission  awarded by Emory University
  • CTL and HIV Polymorphisms in Heterosexual Transmission  awarded by Emory University
  • Clincial Research Site Activities for the LTE to HVTN 117/HPX2004  awarded by Hutchinson (Fred) Cancer Research Center
  • CoVPN 3002 Protocol Funding (PF)  awarded by Hutchinson (Fred) Cancer Research Center
  • CoVPN 3003 Protocol Funding (PF)  awarded by Hutchinson (Fred) Cancer Research Center
  • CoVPN 3006 Protocol Funding (PF) - Birmingham Clinical Research Site  awarded by Hutchinson (Fred) Cancer Research Center
  • Completed - Comprehensive Cancer Center Core Support Grant - DNA Sequencing SF  awarded by National Cancer Institute/NIH/DHHS
  • Defining the Biological Relevance of HIV Specific HLA-E Restricted CD8 T cell Responses  awarded by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/NIH/DHHS
  • Defining the Biological Relevance of HIV-1 Adaptation to CD4 T Cell Responses  awarded by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/NIH/DHHS
  • Effector and Regulatory Activities of HLA-E-Restricted HIV-Specific aBCD8 T Cells  awarded by UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS (EL PASO)
  • HIV Vaccine Trials Network Correlates Protocol Funding  awarded by Hutchinson (Fred) Cancer Research Center
  • HIV-1 Cryptic Epitopes: Implications for Vaccine Design  awarded by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/NIH/DHHS
  • HPTN O83 Protocol Funds  awarded by FAMILY HEALTH INTERNATIONAL
  • HPX3002/HVTN 706 Protocol Funding (PF)  awarded by Hutchinson (Fred) Cancer Research Center
  • HVTN Protocol Funding Year 14  awarded by Hutchinson (Fred) Cancer Research Center
  • HVTN 405/HPTN 1901 Protocol Funding (PF) - Birmingham Clinical Research Site  awarded by Hutchinson (Fred) Cancer Research Center
  • HVTN 505 Protocol Implementation Funds  awarded by Hutchinson (Fred) Cancer Research Center
  • HVTN 703/HPTN 081 Protocol Funding (PF)  awarded by Hutchinson (Fred) Cancer Research Center
  • HVTN 703/HPTN 081 Site Readiness  awarded by Hutchinson (Fred) Cancer Research Center
  • HVTN 704/HPTN 085 Protocol Funding (PF)  awarded by Hutchinson (Fred) Cancer Research Center
  • HVTN 704/HPTN 085 Protocol Funding (PF) - Birmingham Clinical Research Site  awarded by Hutchinson (Fred) Cancer Research Center
  • HVTN Protocol Funding (PF)  awarded by Hutchinson (Fred) Cancer Research Center
  • HVTN Protocol Funding (PF)  awarded by Hutchinson (Fred) Cancer Research Center
  • HVTN Protocol Funding (PF)  awarded by Hutchinson (Fred) Cancer Research Center
  • HVTN Protocol Funding (Pf): Birmingham Clinical Research Site  awarded by Hutchinson (Fred) Cancer Research Center
  • HVTN Protocol Funding GY 16  awarded by FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER CENTER
  • HVTN Protocol Funding Year 13  awarded by Hutchinson (Fred) Cancer Research Center
  • HVTN Protocol Funding Year 16  awarded by Hutchinson (Fred) Cancer Research Center
  • HVTN Protocol Implementation Funds  awarded by Hutchinson (Fred) Cancer Research Center
  • HVTN Research and Mentorship Program (RAMP)  awarded by Hutchinson (Fred) Cancer Research Center
  • HVTN Research and Mentorship Program (RAMP)  awarded by Hutchinson (Fred) Cancer Research Center
  • HvTN Scientific Leadership - Co-Chair, Concept Working Group  awarded by Hutchinson (Fred) Cancer Research Center
  • Immunologic Uniqueness of the Female Genital Tract in HIV Pathogenesis - Clinical Core B  awarded by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/NIH/DHHS
  • Impact of Cross-Reactive CD8 T cells on HIV-1 Viral Control and Evolution  awarded by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/NIH/DHHS
  • Impact of HLA-II Adaptation on CD4 T-Cell and Tfh Responses in HIV-1 Vaccination  awarded by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/NIH/DHHS
  • Interleukin-21 Immune Mediated Control of HIV-1  awarded by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/NIH/DHHS
  • Mapping Novel Subdominant B*5701 Epitopes in Conserved Regions of the HIV Proteome  awarded by UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS
  • NIAID-Fred Hutch-Janssen Collaboration CTU/Clinical Trial Site Activities for HVTN 117/118  awarded by Hutchinson (Fred) Cancer Research Center
  • NIAID-Fred Hutch-Janssen Collaboration CTU/Clinical Trial Site Activities for HVTN 118/HPX2003 - Birmingham Clinical Research Site  awarded by Hutchinson (Fred) Cancer Research Center
  • Oxidative Stress and T Cell Balance: Effect on Pulmonary Tuberculosis During HIV  awarded by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/NIH/DHHS
  • Private Grant  awarded by TAIMED BIOLOGICS
  • Private Grant  awarded by VAXIN, INC.
  • Private Grant  awarded by HEMISPHERX BIOPHARMA, INC.
  • Private Grant  awarded by Pfizer Inc., U.S. Pharmaceuticals Group
  • Private Grant  awarded by Pfizer Inc., U.S. Pharmaceuticals Group
  • Private Grant  awarded by SANOFI PASTEUR LIMITED
  • Private Grant  awarded by LEIDOS BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH, INC.
  • The Impact of HIV Adaptation to CD8 T Cells on Infection and Viral Control  awarded by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/NIH/DHHS
  • UAB Center for AIDS Research - Core B - Developmental Core  awarded by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/NIH/DHHS
  • UAB Center for AIDS Research - DNA Sequencing  awarded by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/NIH/DHHS
  • UAB Center for AIDS Research - Development Core  awarded by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/NIH/DHHS
  • UAB Center for AIDS Research - Developmental Core (Core B)  awarded by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/NIH/DHHS
  • UAB Center for AIDS Research - Developmental Core B  awarded by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/NIH/DHHS
  • VVTEU Protocol Development and Implementation for Task Areas B-C Phase II Vaccine Trial for Influenza (“Flu Pandemic” or “H7”)  awarded by VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER ^
  • Vaccine and Treatment Evaluation Units  awarded by VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER ^
  • Vaccine and Treatment Evaluation Units - Admin Task  awarded by VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY
  • Investigator On

  • (CSSC-001) Convalescent Plasma to Stem Coronavirus: A Randomized Controlled Double Blinded Phase 2 Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Human Coronavirus Immune Plasma (HCIP) vs. control( SARS-CoV-2 non-immune plasma) among Adults Exposed to COVID-19 and (CSSC-004) Convalescent Plasma to Stem Coronavirus: A Randomized Controlled Double Blinded Phase 2 Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Human Coronavirus Immune Plasma (HCIP) vs. Control (SARS-CoV-2 non-immune plasma)  awarded by Johns Hopkins University
  • A-Z Clinical Trials Unit  awarded by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/NIH/DHHS
  • Alabama - Clinical Trials Unit  awarded by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/NIH/DHHS
  • Alabama Clinical Trials Unit (CTU)  awarded by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/NIH/DHHS
  • Alabama Clinical Trials Unit (CTU)  awarded by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/NIH/DHHS
  • CHAVI - Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology  awarded by Duke University
  • Chimeric Adenoviruses for an Improved HIV Vaccine  awarded by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/NIH/DHHS
  • CoVPN 5001 (Acute Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Infection) Protocol Funding (PF)  awarded by Hutchinson (Fred) Cancer Research Center
  • Completed - Comprehensive Genomics Shared Facility - Comprehensive Cancer Center Core Support Grant  awarded by National Cancer Institute/NIH/DHHS
  • Comprehensive Cancer Center Core Support Grant  awarded by National Cancer Institute/NIH/DHHS
  • Comprehensive Cancer Center Core Support Grant  awarded by National Cancer Institute/NIH/DHHS
  • Comprehensive Cancer Center Support Grant  awarded by National Cancer Institute/NIH/DHHS
  • Convalescent Plasma Randomized Clinical Trials for SARS-CoV-2 Prophylaxis and Early COVID-19 Treatment are Foundational for Subsequent Hyperimmune Globulin and Vaccines  awarded by Johns Hopkins University
  • Dynamics of the Protective Vaccine-Induced Human Influenza Neuraminidase B Cell Response  awarded by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/NIH/DHHS
  • HPTN 083-A Phase 2b/3 Double Blind Safety and Efficacy Study of Injectable Cabotegravir Compared to Daily Oral Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtricitabine (TDF/FTC), For Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis in HIV-Uninfected Cisgender Men and Transgender Women who have Sex with Men (ViiV)  awarded by FAMILY HEALTH INTERNATIONAL
  • HPTN Personal Protective Equipment- HPTN Studies  awarded by FAMILY HEALTH INTERNATIONAL
  • HPTN Unanticipated Clinical Trials Costs  awarded by FAMILY HEALTH INTERNATIONAL
  • High VS. Standard Dose Flu Vaccine in Adult Stem Cell Transplant Recipients  awarded by VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY
  • IL-21 and Immune Mediated Viral Control  awarded by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/NIH/DHHS
  • Immunologic Uniqueness of the Female Genital Tract in HIV Pathogenesis  awarded by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/NIH/DHHS
  • Kinomic Analysis of Host Cell Factors Controlling Latent HIV-1 Infection  awarded by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/NIH/DHHS
  • Kinomic Analysis of Host Cell Factors Controlling Latent HIV-1 Infection  awarded by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/NIH/DHHS
  • Leadership Group for the Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Consortium (IDCRCLG) COVID 19 SUPPLEMENT  awarded by Emory University
  • Mechanisms and Correlates of Immune Protection Against Genital Chlamydia in Humans  awarded by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/NIH/DHHS
  • Private Grant  awarded by Gilead Sciences ^
  • Private Grant  awarded by GENOCEA BIOSCIENCES, INC.
  • Private Grant  awarded by Gilead Sciences ^
  • Private Grant  awarded by BAVARIAN NORDIC A/S
  • Private Grant  awarded by VICAL, INC.
  • Private Grant  awarded by BAVARIAN NORDIC A/S
  • Private Grant  awarded by GENOCEA BIOSCIENCES, INC.
  • Private Grant  awarded by GENOCEA BIOSCIENCES, INC.
  • Private Grant  awarded by GENECURE BIOTECHNOLOGIES, LLC
  • Private Grant  awarded by GENOCEA BIOSCIENCES, INC.
  • Private Grant  awarded by Gilead Sciences ^
  • Private Grant  awarded by GENOCEA BIOSCIENCES, INC.
  • Private Grant  awarded by VICAL, INC.
  • Private Grant  awarded by GENOCEA BIOSCIENCES, INC.
  • Private Grant  awarded by PROTEUS DIGITAL HEALTH, INC.
  • Private Grant  awarded by GlaxoSmithKline
  • Private Grant  awarded by Gilead Sciences ^
  • Private Grant  awarded by BAVARIAN NORDIC A/S
  • Private Grant  awarded by Gilead Sciences ^
  • Private Grant  awarded by GlaxoSmithKline
  • Private Grant  awarded by REGENERON PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
  • Survival Factors Regulating the HIV-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Response  awarded by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/NIH/DHHS
  • The Origin and Future Protective Activity of SARS-CoV-2 RBD Specific Neutralizing Antibodies  awarded by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/NIH/DHHS
  • Tissue and Organ Specific Human B Cell Immunity  awarded by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/NIH/DHHS
  • Tissue and Organ Specific Human B Cell Immunity - Supplement - Metabolic Risk Factors and Inflammation in PASC Development  awarded by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/NIH/DHHS
  • UAB Center for AIDS Research  awarded by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/NIH/DHHS
  • UAB Center for AIDS Research  awarded by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/NIH/DHHS
  • UAB Center for AIDS Research (CFAR)  awarded by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/NIH/DHHS
  • UAB Center for AIDS Research (CFAR)  awarded by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/NIH/DHHS
  • UAB Center for AIDS Research - Administrative Core  awarded by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/NIH/DHHS
  • UAB Center for AIDS Research - Administrative Core  awarded by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/NIH/DHHS
  • UAB Center for AIDS Research - Administrative Core (Core A)  awarded by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/NIH/DHHS
  • UAB Center for AIDS Research - Administrative Supplement  awarded by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/NIH/DHHS
  • Vaccine and Treatment Evaluation Units  awarded by VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER ^
  • Viral Adaptation to CD4 T Cell Responses and the Impact on HIV Immunity  awarded by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/NIH/DHHS
  • Virus-Induced Cell Fate Decisions in Anti-Viral Immunity  awarded by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/NIH/DHHS
  • Virus-induced Cell Fate Decisions in Anti-Viral Immunity - Administrative Supplement  awarded by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/NIH/DHHS
  • Education And Training

  • UAB Hospital, Internship
  • UAB Hospital, Residency
  • UAB Hospital, Postdoctoral Fellowship
  • Doctor of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine 1991
  • Full Name

  • Paul Goepfert